Introduction

Hate Speech

The translation of the term Hate Speech means hate speech and implies criminal as well as non-criminal statements that devalue people or even incite hatred and/or violence against them. Legally, these statements include criminal offences such as incitement to hatred, insult, defamation, coercion, threats and public incitement to commit crimes.

The Council of Europe, which launched the No Hate Speech Movement initiative, defines hate speech as follows:
"(...) the term 'hate speech' is understood to include any expression which propagates, incites, promotes or justifies racial hatred, xenophobia, anti-Semitism or other forms of hatred based on intolerance, including intolerance expressed in the form of aggressive nationalism and ethnocentrism, discrimination and hostility towards minorities and people with a migrant background." (Council of Europe, Committee of Ministers, Recommendation No. (97) 20)

Cyberbullying

Communication options via social media and messenger services have become increasingly important in recent years. As useful and beneficial as these means of communication
are, they also confront society with risks. Cyberbullying/cyberbullying in particular is increasingly becoming the focus of public discussion. Cyberbullying/ cyberbullying (hereafter referred to as cyberbullying) is de facto to be understood as bullying in virtual space.59 The shitstorm, to which insulting, aggressive, threatening statements on the net are attributed, is also a form of cyberbullying. Other forms of abuse of such means of communication are known as cyber-stalking, the permanent following of people, or happy slapping, the publication of videos filmed with a mobile phone showing beating attacks.60 Cybercrime, such as data theft, credit card fraud, etc., also fall into the category of violence on the Internet. Cybergrooming involves targeting people online to establish sexual contact - a form of sexual harassment.

Learning aims

Learning material